""As parents, we can raise our children to both welcome and learn from the mistakes they will surely make during their lives instead of being shattered by them."

Children come into this world unperturbed by their own failures-until they realize that those blunders will be scrutinized, evaluated and criticized by others. Why the about face? Because, being pack animals, we thirst for a sense of belonging-thirst that can be quenched in two ways-earning pack acceptance by offering unique contributions or roles that benefit the pack (self-direction) and begging for that acceptance, making all choices contingent upon whatever will win the pack's approval (external direction.) Sadly, most of humanity has chosen this second path, and for that reason, failure has become a ball and chain around our children's legs. Over time, our children learn to fear the ridicule or reprimand that comes along with failure. From this, they begin to resort to outside evaluation as a means of self-assessment instead of using their mistakes as information that will help them shape future choices, because after all, how can they trust in an inner choice making process that has subjected them to humiliation?

Failure phobia is responsible for today's commonplace reluctance to make choices. The result-an epidemic of underachievers (those who choose not to choose, because they are afraid their choices will result in failure) and perfectionists (those who choose according to the highest possible social standards, because they are afraid that making a lesser choice will make them less acceptable.) People from either group become afraid to think in fear that the product of their thoughts may produce failures that weaken their sense of worth. Instead, they rely on others to do the thinking for them.

As parents, we can raise our children to both welcome and learn from the mistakes they will surely make during their lives instead of being shattered by them. We can teach them to use their mistakes to help them grow instead of allowing those mistakes to generate external reactions that will make them wither. Only then can they strive for personal excellence, which, when it boils right down to it, is what we really want for them. Here are some suggestions that might help our children develop good defeat recovery skills through self-direction:

• Discuss your own mistakes with your children and the lessons you learned from each.
• Never deny children something they're good at as a consequence for misbehavior.
• Teach children that there is no quota for failed attempts. There's progress and success to be found in each of them.
• Teach children to strive for personal excellence rather than perfection. If they learn to assess themselves objectively rather than through the evaluations and opinions of others, they'll be able to compete with their own past performance rather than the performance of others. And they'll be able to do so according to their own agenda and at their own pace.
• Use mistake contests. Ask your children to record every mistake they've made during the day. During dinner, each can describe the mistake from which they've learned the most. The entire family can then decide which one was the best and why. Because this unmasks the advantages that each failure offers, children become more accepting of their shortcomings and mistakes.
• Downplay past failures
• Teach children to develop "failure tolerance" by not over-reacting to their mistakes.
• Encourage mistakes in children. Doing this helps them perceive their failures more as positive opportunities to grow than as something that gnaws away at their self-worth. They'll learn to stare adversity in the face and think, "What can this teach me? How can this help me grow?"
• Encourage children to do things on their own, whenever possible. We should not rescue them from their struggles, settle their conflicts or shelter them from challenges. These actions send a message that they can't make choices or manage tasks without our help.
• Teach children to separate their failures from their self-worth. We can help them see that there's a difference between failing at a task and failing as a person. Letting them know how much they should value the fact that they've tried is a good start.
• Accept suffering as a good thing. When children struggle, they develop strength, compassion and soulfulness. They also learn that there's light at the end of those dark tunnels-that suffering is something they can overcome.